mac osx ipython

ipython gui错误

瀚海星空 2017-05-17
2017-05-17

问题描述

两台mac book pro,一台安装完后执行ipython没有任何错误. 一台却报如下错误:UnknownBackend

zhouhh@/Users/zhouhh $ ipython
Python 3.6.0 |Anaconda custom (x86_64)| (default, Dec 23 2016, 13:19:00)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | GUI event loop or pylab initialization failed
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnknownBackend                            Traceback (most recent call last)
/Users/zhouhh/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py in enable_matplotlib(self, gui)
   2945                 gui, backend = pt.find_gui_and_backend(self.pylab_gui_select)
   2946
-> 2947         pt.activate_matplotlib(backend)
   2948         pt.configure_inline_support(self, backend)
   2949

/Users/zhouhh/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/pylabtools.py in activate_matplotlib(backend)
    292     matplotlib.rcParams['backend'] = backend
    293
--> 294     import matplotlib.pyplot
    295     matplotlib.pyplot.switch_backend(backend)
    296

/Users/zhouhh/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py in <module>()
   2532 # are no-ops and the registered function respect `mpl.is_interactive()`
   2533 # to determine if they should trigger a draw.
-> 2534 install_repl_displayhook()
   2535
   2536 ################# REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY boilerplate.py ##############

/Users/zhouhh/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py in install_repl_displayhook()
    164             ipython_gui_name = backend2gui.get(get_backend())
    165             if ipython_gui_name:
--> 166                 ip.enable_gui(ipython_gui_name)
    167         else:
    168             _INSTALL_FIG_OBSERVER = True

/Users/zhouhh/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/terminal/interactiveshell.py in enable_gui(self, gui)
    450     def enable_gui(self, gui=None):
    451         if gui:
--> 452             self._inputhook = get_inputhook_func(gui)
    453         else:
    454             self._inputhook = None

/Users/zhouhh/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/terminal/pt_inputhooks/__init__.py in get_inputhook_func(gui)
     36
     37     if gui not in backends:
---> 38         raise UnknownBackend(gui)
     39
     40     if gui in aliases:

UnknownBackend: No event loop integration for 'inline'. Supported event loops are: qt, qt4, qt5, gtk, gtk2, gtk3, tk, wx, pyglet, glut, osx

In [1]:

解决办法

ipython 命令后用参数指定相应的matploatlib的后端为osx

zhouhh@/Users/zhouhh $ ipython --matplotlib=osx
Python 3.6.0 |Anaconda custom (x86_64)| (default, Dec 23 2016, 13:19:00)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]:
In [2]: %matplotlib
Using matplotlib backend: MacOSX

In [3]: 
from pylab import *

X = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256,endpoint=True)
C,S = np.cos(X), np.sin(X)

plot(X,C)
plot(X,S)

show()
Out[3]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x119ae7828>]

In [4]:
# 导入 matplotlib 的所有内容（nympy 可以用 np 这个名字来使用）
from pylab import *

# 创建一个 8 * 6 点（point）的图，并设置分辨率为 80
figure(figsize=(8,6), dpi=80)

# 创建一个新的 1 * 1 的子图，接下来的图样绘制在其中的第 1 块（也是唯一的一块）
subplot(1,1,1)

X = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256,endpoint=True)
C,S = np.cos(X), np.sin(X)

# 绘制余弦曲线，使用蓝色的、连续的、宽度为 1 （像素）的线条
plot(X, C, color="blue", linewidth=1.0, linestyle="-")

# 绘制正弦曲线，使用绿色的、连续的、宽度为 1 （像素）的线条
plot(X, S, color="green", linewidth=1.0, linestyle="-")

# 设置横轴的上下限
xlim(-4.0,4.0)

# 设置横轴记号
xticks(np.linspace(-4,4,9,endpoint=True))

# 设置纵轴的上下限
ylim(-1.0,1.0)

# 设置纵轴记号
yticks(np.linspace(-1,1,5,endpoint=True))

# 以分辨率 72 来保存图片
# savefig("exercice_2.png",dpi=72)

# 在屏幕上显示
show()

或者指定pylab 参数

zhouhh@/Users/zhouhh $ ipython --pylab
Python 3.6.0 |Anaconda custom (x86_64)| (default, Dec 23 2016, 13:19:00)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
Using matplotlib backend: MacOSX

In [1]:
X = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256,endpoint=True)
C,S = np.cos(X), np.sin(X)

plot(X,C)
plot(X,S)

show()

如果用jupyter notebook启动没有问题

%matplotlib inline
from pylab import *
import numpy as np
X = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256,endpoint=True)
C,S = np.cos(X), np.sin(X)

plot(X,C)
plot(X,S)

show()

image 如果怕麻烦,可以在.zshrc或.bashrc中添加ipython的alias

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