周海汉 2016.7.17
Mac安装
➜ ~ % sudo brew install mongodb
启动失败,因为没有创建缺省的/data/db目录
➜ ~ % mongod
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=21779 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=zhhdeMacBook-Pro.local
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.2.1
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: a14d55980c2cdc565d4704a7e3ad37e4e535c1b2
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: system
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2016-07-17T14:44:27.027+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: {}
2016-07-17T14:44:27.030+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 29 Data directory /data/db not found., terminating
2016-07-17T14:44:27.030+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] dbexit: rc: 100
连接失败
➜ ~ % mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.1
connecting to: test
2016-07-17T14:44:33.593+0800 W NETWORK [thread1] Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1:27017, reason: errno:61 Connection refused
2016-07-17T14:44:33.594+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: couldn’t connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017, connection attempt failed :
connect@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:224:14
@(connect):1:6
exception: connect failed
➜ ~ % ls /data/db
ls: /data/db: No such file or directory
➜ ~ % sudo mkdir -p /data/db
用超级用户可以启动成功,但不推荐
➜ ~ % sudo mongod
2016-07-17T14:45:27.670+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
修改数据目录所有者为zhh.
➜ ~ % sudo chown -R zhh:staff /data
启动成功
~ % mongod
2016-07-17T14:52:08.608+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=21978 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=zhhdeMacBook-Pro.local
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.2.1
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: a14d55980c2cdc565d4704a7e3ad37e4e535c1b2
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: system
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2016-07-17T14:52:08.609+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: {}
2016-07-17T14:52:08.610+0800 I - [initandlisten] Detected data files in /data/db created by the ‘wiredTiger’ storage engine, so setting the active storage engine to ‘wiredTiger’.
2016-07-17T14:52:08.610+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=4G,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_max=4),config_base=false,statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=true,archive=true,path=journal,compressor=snappy),file_manager=(close_idle_time=100000),checkpoint=(wait=60,log_size=2GB),statistics_log=(wait=0),
2016-07-17T14:52:10.127+0800 I FTDC [initandlisten] Initializing full-time diagnostic data capture with directory ‘/data/db/diagnostic.data’
2016-07-17T14:52:10.128+0800 I NETWORK [HostnameCanonicalizationWorker] Starting hostname canonicalization worker
2016-07-17T14:52:10.128+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
服务器端启动完毕.
客户端
➜ ~ % mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.1
connecting to: test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type “help”.
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
help
db.help() help on db methods
db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods
sh.help() sharding helpers
rs.help() replica set helpers
help admin administrative help
help connect connecting to a db help
help keys key shortcuts
help misc misc things to know
help mr mapreduce
show dbs show database names
show collections show collections in current database
show users show users in current database
show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
show logs show the accessible logger names
show log [name] prints out the last segment of log in memory, ‘global’ is default
use
db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo
db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1
it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell
exit
2+2
4
db.help()
DB methods:
db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to ‘admin’ db, and runs command [ just calls db.runCommand(…) ]
db.auth(username, password)
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)
db.createCollection(name, { size : …, capped : …, max : … } )
db.createUser(userDocument)
db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db
db.dropDatabase()
db.eval() - deprecated
db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups
db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()
db.getCollection(cname) same as db[‘cname’] or db.cname
db.getCollectionInfos([filter]) - returns a list that contains the names and options of the db’s collections
db.getCollectionNames()
db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string
db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object
db.getLogComponents()
db.getMongo() get the server connection object
db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server
db.getName()
db.getPrevError()
db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated
db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold
db.getReplicationInfo()
db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one
db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherited from server object if set
db.hostInfo() get details about the server’s host
db.isMaster() check replica primary status
db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db
db.listCommands() lists all the db commands
db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js
db.logout()
db.printCollectionStats()
db.printReplicationInfo()
db.printShardingStatus()
db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
db.dropUser(username)
db.repairDatabase()
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 }
db.serverStatus()
db.setLogLevel(level,
db.setProfilingLevel(level,
db.setWriteConcern(
db.unsetWriteConcern(
db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output
db.shutdownServer()
db.stats()
db.version() current version of the server
db.t.insert(x:10)
2016-07-17T14:59:16.272+0800 E QUERY [thread1] SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list @(shell):1:13
db.t.insert({x:10})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
db.t.find()
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3693a845f1e3e0e2595e”), “x” : 10 }
db.getCollectionNames()
[ “t” ]
db.getName()
test
use zhhdb
switched to db zhhdb
db.getName()
zhhdb
db.getCollectionNames()
[ ]
db.t.insert({x:10})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
show tables
t
show collections
t
show profile
db.system.profile is empty
Use db.setProfilingLevel(2) will enable profiling
Use db.system.profile.find() to show raw profile entries
show users
db.person.insert({name:’zhh’,age:10,date:’2001-07-01’})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
db.person.insert({name:’zhh1’,age:12,date:’2003-07-01’})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
db.person.insert({name:’zhh2’,age:11,date:’2005-07-01’})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
db.persion.find()
db.person.find()
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b386ba845f1e3e0e25960”), “name” : “zhh”, “age” : 10, “date” : “2001-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “age” : 12, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “age” : 11, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
db.person.find(name=’zhh’)
Error: error: {
“ok” : 0,
“errmsg” : “ReferenceError: zhh is not defined :\n_funcs1@:1:24\n”,
“code” : 139
}
db.person.find(‘zhh’)
Error: error: {
“ok” : 0,
“errmsg” : “ReferenceError: zhh is not defined :\n_funcs1@:1:24\n”,
“code” : 139
}
db.person.find({name:’zhh’})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b386ba845f1e3e0e25960”), “name” : “zhh”, “age” : 10, “date” : “2001-07-01” }
db.person.find({name:’zhh2’})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “age” : 11, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
db.person.find({name:zhh2})
2016-07-17T15:51:26.021+0800 E QUERY [thread1] ReferenceError: zhh2 is not defined :
@(shell):1:17
db.person.find({age>11})
2016-07-17T15:51:41.877+0800 E QUERY [thread1] SyntaxError: missing : after property id @(shell):1:19
db.person.find({age:0})
db.person.find({},{age:0})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b386ba845f1e3e0e25960”), “name” : “zhh”, “date” : “2001-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
db.person.find({},{age:1})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b386ba845f1e3e0e25960”), “age” : 10 }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “age” : 12 }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “age” : 11 }
db.person.find({name:’zhh’},{age:1})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b386ba845f1e3e0e25960”), “age” : 10 }
db.person.find({age:{$gt:11}} );
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “age” : 12, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
db.person.find({age:{$gt:10}} );
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “age” : 12, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “age” : 11, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
db.person.find({age:{$gte:11}} );
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “age” : 12, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “age” : 11, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
db.person.find({age:{$gte:10,$lte:11}});
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b386ba845f1e3e0e25960”), “name” : “zhh”, “age” : 10, “date” : “2001-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “age” : 11, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
集合检索
$all:值全部在集合中. $in 值的一个在集合中. $nin 跟 $in 操作相反
db
zhhdb
db.t.insert({a:[3,4,1,5]})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
db.t.find({a:{$all:[1,4]}})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3dada845f1e3e0e25963”), “a” : [ 3, 4, 1, 5 ] }
db.t.find({a:{$all:[6]}})
db.t.find({a:{$all:[1,6]}})
db.t.find({a:{$in:[1,6]}})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3dada845f1e3e0e25963”), “a” : [ 3, 4, 1, 5 ] }
db.t.insert({a:[7,1,6]})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
db.t.find({a:{$in:[1,6]}})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3dada845f1e3e0e25963”), “a” : [ 3, 4, 1, 5 ] }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3e22a845f1e3e0e25964”), “a” : [ 7, 1, 6 ] }
db.t.find({a:{$in:[6]}})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3e22a845f1e3e0e25964”), “a” : [ 7, 1, 6 ] }
db.t.find({a:{$all:[1,6]}})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3e22a845f1e3e0e25964”), “a” : [ 7, 1, 6 ] }
检索字段
$exist 字段是否存在
db.t.find({a:{$exists:true}})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3dada845f1e3e0e25963”), “a” : [ 3, 4, 1, 5 ] }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3e22a845f1e3e0e25964”), “a” : [ 7, 1, 6 ] }
db.t.find({a:{$exists:true}}).limit(1)
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3dada845f1e3e0e25963”), “a” : [ 3, 4, 1, 5 ] }
$nor 跟 $or 相反
$size 操作将会查询数组长度等于输入参数的数组
$where
$type 将会根据字段的 BSON 类型来检索数据
类型名称映射
● Double : 1 ● String : 2 ● Object : 3 ● Array : 4 ● Binary data : 5 ● Object id ：7 ● Boolean ：8 ● Date ：9 ● Null : 10 ● Regular expression : 11 ● JavaScript code : 13 ● Symbol : 14 ● JavaScript code with scope : 15 ● 32-bit integer : 16 ● Timestamp : 17 ● 64-bit integer : 18 ● Min key : 255
● Max key : 127
正则检索
检索z打头,数字结尾的名字
db.person.find({name:/^z.*\d$/i})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “age” : 12, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “age” : 11, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
db.person.find({name:/^z.*\d$/}).limit(1)
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “age” : 12, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
排序 1升序,-1降序
db.person.find({name:/^z.*\d$/}).sort({date:1})
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b387aa845f1e3e0e25961”), “name” : “zhh1”, “age” : 12, “date” : “2003-07-01” }
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“578b3889a845f1e3e0e25962”), “name” : “zhh2”, “age” : 11, “date” : “2005-07-01” }
去重 distinct, 跳过skip,用于和limit配合分页.
count
db.person.find({name:/^z.*\d$/,date:{$gt:’2003-08-01’}}).sort({date:1}).count()
1
$slice,remove,save,$inc,$set,$unset,$push,$pushAll
$代表匹配的第一个记录
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