wxpython 使用 XRCed创建界面

abloz 2010-01-09
2010-01-09

周海汉 /文

2010.1.9

wxPython写UI界面是比较爽的事情。python和wxWidgets都是跨平台的。因此，用wxPython写的应用程序的界面，可以在 不同的操作系统有本地一样的界面。即windows用户看到的是windows界面，linux,mac用户看到的是linux和mac的界面。这比使用 java,qt,tcl等写的界面会更符合用户的操作习惯一些。

除了直接调用wxPython API,还可以利用一些工具，wxGlade,BOA, XRCed等。前两者都支持所见即所得的拖放生成UI，XRCed是wxPython自带的UI生成工具，支持UI控件布局的逻辑，参数，事件设置，但非所见即所得的拖放。

本文是利用XRCed生成界面的简单示例。

1.进入XRCed, 创建wxFrame。（因为CSDN现在不能传图，只描述一下）

再创建一个横排的wxBoxSizer，里面放一个textCtrl, 一个竖排的wxBoxSizer,里面放一个按钮。在不选中任何组件时，将编码设为UTF-8. 否则对中文字符无法保存xrc文件。

配置gettext，以生成多种语言界面。（支持I18N）

设置完毕，保存为hello.xrc


  1. <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?>
  5. wxHORIZONTAL
  8. 300,300
  9. hello
  10. <!--
  11. wxTE_AUTO_SCROLL wxTE_MULTILINE
  12. –></mce:style>
  13. </object>
  15. wxEXPAND
  16. 2
  17. </object>
  20. wxVERTICAL
  25. EVT_BUTTON|EVT_KEY_DOWN
  26. 1
  27. </XRCED>
  28. </object>
  29. </object>
  30. </object>
  31. </object>
  32. </object>
  33. 你好
  34. </object>
  35. </resource>

<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> wxHORIZONTAL 300,300 hello wxEXPAND 2 wxVERTICAL EVT_BUTTON|EVT_KEY_DOWN 1 你好

2.自动生成hello_xrc.py


  1. This file was automatically generated by pywxrc.

  2. -- coding: UTF-8 --

  3. import wx
  4. import wx.xrc as xrc
  5. __res = None
  6. def get_resources():
  7. ””” This function provides access to the XML resources in this module.”””
  8. global __res
  9. if __res == None:
  10. __init_resources()
  11. return __res
      1. class xrczframe(wx.Frame):
  13. #!XRCED:begin-block:xrczframe.PreCreate
  14. def PreCreate(self, pre):
  15. ””” This function is called during the class’s initialization.
    1. Override it for custom setup before the window is created usually to
  17. set additional window styles using SetWindowStyle() and SetExtraStyle().
  18. ”””
  19. pass
    1. #!XRCED:end-block:xrczframe.PreCreate
  21. def init(self, parent):

  22. Two stage creation (see http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/TwoStageCreation)

  23. pre = wx.PreFrame()
  24. self.PreCreate(pre)
  25. get_resources().LoadOnFrame(pre, parent, “zframe”)
  26. self.PostCreate(pre)

  27. Define variables for the controls, bind event handlers

  28. self.btn_next = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, “btn_next”)
  29. self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton_btn_next, self.btn_next)
  30. self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_DOWN, self.OnKey_down_btn_next, self.btn_next)
  31. #!XRCED:begin-block:xrczframe.OnButton_btn_next
  32. def OnButton_btn_next(self, evt):

  33. Replace with event handler code

  34. print “OnButton_btn_next()”
  35. self.txt_main = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, “txt_main”)
  36. self.txt_main.SetValue(“你好”)
  37. #!XRCED:end-block:xrczframe.OnButton_btn_next
  38. #!XRCED:begin-block:xrczframe.OnKey_down_btn_next
  39. def OnKey_down_btn_next(self, evt):

  40. Replace with event handler code

  41. print “OnKey_down_btn_next()”
  42. #!XRCED:end-block:xrczframe.OnKey_down_btn_next

      1. ———————— Resource data ———————-

  44. def __init_resources():
  45. global __res
  46. __res = xrc.EmptyXmlResource()
  47. wx.FileSystem.AddHandler(wx.MemoryFSHandler())
  48. hello_xrc = ‘’’’’
  49. <?xml version=”1.0” ?>
  52. wxHORIZONTAL
  55. 300,300
  56. hello
  57. <!--
  58. wxTE_AUTO_SCROLL wxTE_MULTILINE
  59. –></mce:style>
  60. </object>
  62. wxEXPAND
  63. 2
  64. </object>
  66. &nbs; p;
  67. wxVERTICAL
  72. EVT_BUTTON|EVT_KEY_DOWN
  73. 1
  74. </XRCED>
  75. </object>
  76. </object>
  77. </object>
  78. </object>
  79. </object>
  80. 你好
  81. </object>
  82. </resource>’’’
  83. wx.MemoryFSHandler.AddFile(‘XRC/hello/hello_xrc’, hello_xrc)
  84. __res.Load(‘memory:XRC/hello/hello_xrc’)

    1. ———————– Gettext strings ———————

  86. def __gettext_strings():

  87. This is a dummy function that lists all the strings that are used in

  88. the XRC file in the _(“a string”) format to be recognized by GNU

  89. gettext utilities (specificaly the xgettext utility) and the

  90. mki18n.py script. For more information see:

  91. http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/Internationalization

    1. def _(str): pass
    1. _(“hello”)
  94. _(“下一个”)
  95. _(“你好”)

This file was automatically generated by pywxrc. # -- coding: UTF-8 -- import wx import wx.xrc as xrc res = None def get_resources(): “”” This function provides access to the XML resources in this module.””” global __res if __res == None: __init_resources() return __res class xrczframe(wx.Frame): #!XRCED:begin-block:xrczframe.PreCreate def PreCreate(self, pre): “”” This function is called during the class’s initialization. Override it for custom setup before the window is created usually to set additional window styles using SetWindowStyle() and SetExtraStyle(). “”” pass #!XRCED:end-block:xrczframe.PreCreate def __init(self, parent): # Two stage creation (see http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/TwoStageCreation) pre = wx.PreFrame() self.PreCreate(pre) get_resources().LoadOnFrame(pre, parent, “zframe”) self.PostCreate(pre) # Define variables for the controls, bind event handlers self.btn_next = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, “btn_next”) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton_btn_next, self.btn_next) self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_DOWN, self.OnKey_down_btn_next, self.btn_next) #!XRCED:begin-block:xrczframe.OnButton_btn_next def OnButton_btn_next(self, evt): # Replace with event handler code print “OnButton_btn_next()” self.txt_main = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, “txt_main”) self.txt_main.SetValue(“你好”) #!XRCED:end-block:xrczframe.OnButton_btn_next #!XRCED:begin-block:xrczframe.OnKey_down_btn_next def OnKey_down_btn_next(self, evt): # Replace with event handler code print “OnKey_down_btn_next()” #!XRCED:end-block:xrczframe.OnKey_down_btn_next # ———————— Resource data ———————- def __init_resources(): global __res __res = xrc.EmptyXmlResource() wx.FileSystem.AddHandler(wx.MemoryFSHandler()) hello_xrc = ‘’’ <?xml version=”1.0” ?> wxHORIZONTAL 300,300 hello wxEXPAND 2 wxVERTICAL EVT_BUTTON|EVT_KEY_DOWN 1 </obj

ect> </object> </object> 你好 </object> </resource>’’’ wx.MemoryFSHandler.AddFile(‘XRC/hello/hello_xrc’, hello_xrc) __res.Load(‘memory:XRC/hello/hello_xrc’) # ———————– Gettext strings ——————— def __gettext_strings(): # This is a dummy function that lists all the strings that are used in # the XRC file in the _(“a string”) format to be recognized by GNU # gettext utilities (specificaly the xgettext utility) and the # mki18n.py script. For more information see: # http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/Internationalization def _(str): pass _(“hello”) _(“下一个”) _(“你好”)

3.实现按钮点击，改变txt的内容。

找到def OnButton_btn_next(self, evt):

在下面添加：

self.txt_main = xrc.XRCCTRL(self, “txt_main”)
self.txt_main.SetValue(“你好”)

4.完成可执行程序。

新建一个testhello.py


  1. #!/bin/env python
  2. #-- coding=utf8 --
  3. import wx
  4. import hello_xrc
  5. app = wx.PySimpleApp()
  6. frame = hello_xrc.xrczframe(parent = None)
  7. frame.Show()
  8. app.MainLoop()

#!/bin/env python #-- coding=utf8 -- import wx import hello_xrc app = wx.PySimpleApp() frame = hello_xrc.xrczframe(parent = None) frame.Show() app.MainLoop()

执行testhello.py，即可看到设计的界面。

参考：

xrced官网（只有源码下载）：http://xrced.sourceforge.net/

wxpython的doc里包括xrced的可执行文件

http://www.wxpython.org/download.php

win32二进制版：

http://downloads.sourceforge.net/wxpython/wxPython2.8-win32-docs-demos-2.8.10.1.exe

ubuntu：可以在库里安装wxpython时自带

金庆的专栏

http://blog.csdn.net/jq0123/archive/2008/03/24/2213855.aspx

http://blog.csdn.net/jq0123/archive/2008/03/26/2219836.aspx

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